The big cat family~Knowledge

"Big cat" is an informal term used to refer to bigger cat species than their domesticated counterparts. They are carnivores on top of the food chain and excellent predators. Big cats are found in many parts of the world including Asia, America, Europe, and Africa. The big cat species list includes endangered and extremely rare species.

Tiger

Growing to a length of up to 11 feet and tipping the scales at 670 pounds, tigers are the biggest of the big cats. They are distinguished by their dark vertical stripes and orange fur. They are known to live up to 26 years in captivity. Despite being common in Asia, tigers are considered an endangered species with just a few thousand existing in the wild today. They roam large contiguous areas to hunt their prey, which often puts them in contact with human populations.

Lion

While known as the "king of the jungle," lions actually live in the vast savanna grasslands of Africa although a small population call India home. Lions are the second largest of the big cats with a lifespan of 10-14 years out in the wild. They are unusually social compared to other big cat species listed living and hunting together in groups called prides. Their prey consists mostly of large animals such as buffalo, zebras, and wildebeests. Lions are known to scavenge from time to time.

Jaguar

Found mostly in the rain forests of Central and South America, jaguars are the third largest big cats. They prefer "stalk and ambush" tactics and use their powerful bite to pierce armored reptiles or bite their prey's skull. Jaguars feature prominently in Maya and Aztec mythology and even in contemporary culture. They are considered a near threatened species due to habitat loss and conflicts with humans. Jaguars have short and stocky limbs for climbing, swimming, and crawling. They are distinguished by their spotted coat although black jaguars and even rare albino ones also exist.

Leopard

Leopard habitats are found in Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. They bear close resemblance to jaguars but are distinguished by smaller and densely packed rosettes on their fur. They are able to adapt to a wide range of habitats including rain forest and deserts. Leopards use stealth to hunt virtually any kind of animal it can. They are considered threatened because of hunting, habitat loss, and pest control.

Cheetah

The fastest land animal on earth, cheetahs can sprint up to 120 km/h and able to accelerate to 100 km/h in just five seconds. Anatomical features such as a small head and body, retractable claws, and a long tail help it achieve such speeds. They use this speed and a bite to the throat to take down their prey. They live in Africa and parts of the Middle East and are a predator to gazelles and impalas during the day. Cheetahs are small compared to other big cats and will not put up a fight against other predators.

Cougar

Also known as pumas and panthers, cougars are the only ones native to America in the big cat species list. They hunt a wide variety of prey at night using stalk and ambush tactics. Cougars are extremely territorial and are known to attack humans entering their territory. Although a big cat, they are related closer to the domesticated cat than lions.

Snow Leopard

Snow leopards are an endangered species living in the Central Asian mountain ranges. They are slightly smaller than other big cats with short legs and thick gray or yellowish tan fur. Snow leopards prey on a wide range of animals, big or small, depending on availability. They also eat vegetation, which is unusual for cats.

Clouded Leopard

Despite the name, clouded leopards are not actually related to leopards. They are the smallest of the big cats and are thought to be an evolutionary link between big and small cats. They live in the foothills of the Himalayas and mainland Southeast Asia. Clouded leopards have dark grey fur with a black and grey blotched pattern with black spots on the neck and head. They are a vulnerable species due to hunting for trade and habitat loss.

Sunda Clouded Leopard

The sunda clouded leopard is found in Sumatra and Borneo. It is related to the clouded leopard but genetically distinct. Not much is known because of its secretive nature although it is assumed they hunt at night and are solitary creatures.

The big cat species list includes some of the most dangerous animals on earth. Although different in size, behavior among most of the big cats is roughly the same. They are all carnivores and live in most parts of the world. Their contact with humans and other factors have put some of these species in the endangered list. Various conservation efforts have been mounted to save them from extinction.

Emotional Intelligence: The Social Skills You Weren't Taught in School

You’re taught about history, science, and math when you’re growing up. Most of us, however, aren’t taught how to identify or deal with our own emotions, or the emotions of others. These skills can be valuable, but you’ll never get them in a classroom.

Emotional intelligence is a shorthand that psychological researchers use to describe how well individuals can manage their own emotions and react to the emotions of others. People who exhibit emotional intelligence have the less obvious skills necessary to get ahead in life, such as managing conflict resolution, reading and responding to the needs of others, and keeping their own emotions from overflowing and disrupting their lives. In this guide, we’ll look at what emotional intelligence is, and how to develop your own.

What Is Emotional Intelligence?

Measuring emotional intelligence is relatively new in the field of psychology, only first being explored in the mid-80s. Several models are currently being developed, but for our purposes, we’ll examine what’s known as the “mixed model,” developed by psychologist Daniel Goleman. The mixed model has five key areas:

• Self-awareness: Self-awareness involves knowing your own feelings. This includes having an accurate assessment of what you’re capable of, when you need help, and what your emotional triggers are.
• Self-management: This involves being able to keep your emotions in check when they become disruptive. Self-management involves being able to control outbursts, calmly discussing disagreements, and avoiding activities that undermine you like extended self-pity or panic.
• Motivation: Everyone is motivated to action by rewards like money or status. Goleman’s model, however, refers to motivation for the sake of personal joy, curiosity, or the satisfaction of being productive.
• Empathy: While the three previous categories refer to a person’s internal emotions, this one deals with the emotions of others. Empathy is the skill and practice of reading the emotions of others and responding appropriately.
• Social skills: This category involves the application of empathy as well as negotiating the needs of others with your own. This can include finding common ground with others, managing others in a work environment, and being persuasive.

You can read a bit more about these different categories here. The order of these emotional competencies isn’t all that relevant, as we all learn many of these skills simultaneously as we grow. It’s also important to note that, for our purposes, we’ll only be using this as a guide. Emotional intelligence isn’t an area that most people receive formal training in. We’ll let psychologists argue over the jargon and models, but for now let’s explore what each of these mean and how to improve them in your own life.

Self-Awareness

Before you can do anything else here, you have to know what your emotions are. Improving your self-awareness is the first step to identifying any problem area you’re facing. Here are some ways to improve your self-awareness:

• Keep a journal: Career skill blog recommends starting by keeping a journal of your emotions . At the end of every day, write down what happened to you, how you felt, and how you dealt with it. Periodically, look back over your journal and take note of any trends, or any time you overreacted to something.
• Ask for input from others: As we’ve talked about before when dealing with your self-perception,input from others can be invaluable . Try to ask multiple people who know you well where your strengths and weaknesses lie. Write down what they say, compare what they say to each other and, again, look for patterns. Most importantly, don’t argue with them. They don’t have to be correct. You’re just trying to gauge your perception from another’s point of view.
• Slow down (or meditate):Emotions have a habit of getting the most out of control when we don’t have time to slow down or process them . The next time you have an emotional reaction to something, try to pause before you react (something the internet makes easier than ever, if you’re communicating online). You can also try meditating to slow your brain down and give your emotional state room to breathe.
  
  

If you’ve never practiced intentional self-awareness, these tips should give you a practical head start. One strategy I personally use is to go on long walks or have conversations with myself discussing what’s bothering me. Often, I’ll find that the things I say to the imaginary other end of the conversation can give me some insight into what’s really bugging me. The important aspect is to look inwards, rather than focusing solely on external factors.

Self-Management

Once you know how your emotions work, you can start figuring out how to handle them. Proper self-management means controlling your outbursts, distinguishing between external triggers and internal over-reactions, and doing what’s best for your needs.

One key way to manage your emotions is to change your sensory input. You’ve probably heard the old advice to count to ten and breathe when you’re angry. Speaking as someone who’s had plenty ofoverwhelming issues with depression and anger, this advice is usually crap (though if it works for you, more power to you). However, giving your physical body a jolt can break the cycle. If you’re feeling lethargic, do some exercise. If you’re stuck in an emotional loop, give yourself a “snap out of it” slap. Anything that can give a slight shock to your system or break the existing routine can help.

Lifehacker alum Adam Dachis also recommends funneling emotional energy into something productive. It’s alright to let overwhelming emotions stew inside you for a moment, if it’s not an appropriate time to let them out. However, when you do, rather than vent it on something futile, turn it into motivation instead:

I recently started playing tennis for fun, knowing that I’d never become exceptional because I began too late in life. I’ve become better and have a very minor talent for the game, so when I play poorly I now know and I get down on myself. When up against an opponent with far more skill I find it hard to do much else than get angry. Rather than let that anger out, I take note of it and use it to fuel my desire to practice more. Whether in sports, work, or everyday life, we can get complacent with our skill and forget that we always have some room for improvement. When you start to get mad, get better instead.

You can’t always control what makes you feel a certain way, but you can always control how you react. If you have some impulse control problems, find ways to get help when you’re feeling calm. Not all emotions can be vented away. My struggle with depression taught me that some emotions persist long after the overflow. However, there’s always a moment when those feelings feel a little less intense. Use those moments to seek help.

Motivation

We talk about motivation a lot . When we’re talking about motivation as it relates to emotional intelligence, however, we don’t just mean getting up the energy to go to work. We’re talking about your inner drive to accomplish something. That drive isn’t just some feel-goody nonsense, either. As Psychology today explains, there’s a section of your prefrontal cortex that lights up at the mere thought of achieving a meaningful goal.

Whether your goal is building a career, raising a family, or creating some kind of art, everyone has something they want to do with their life.When your motivation is working for you, it connects with reality in tangible ways. Want to start a family? Motivated people will start dating. Want to improve your career? Motivated people will educate themselves, apply for new jobs, or angle for a promotion.

Daniel Goleman suggests that in order to start making use of that motivation, you first need to identify your own values. Many of us are so busy that we don’t take the time to examine what our values really are. Or worse, we’ll do work that directly contradicts what we value for so long that we lose that motivation entirely.

Unfortunately, we can’t give you the answer for what it is you want in life, but there are lots of strategies you can try . Use your journal to find times when you’ve felt fulfilled. Create a list of things you value. Most of all, accept the uncertainty in life and just build something. Fitness instructor Michael Mantell, Ph.D suggests that using lesser successes you know you can accomplish. Remember, everyone who’s accomplished something you want to achieve did it slowly, over time.

Empathy

Your emotions are only one half of all your relationships. It’s the half you focus on the most, sure, but that’s only because you hang out with yourself every day. All the other people that matter to you have their own set of feelings, desires, triggers, and fears. Empathy is your most important skill for navigating your relationships . Empathy is a life-long skill, but here are some tips you can use to practice empathy:

• Shut up and listen: We’re gonna start with the hardest one here, because it’s the most important. You can’t experience everyone else’s lives to fully understand them, but you can listen. Listening involves letting someone else talk and then not countering what they say. It means putting aside your preconceptions or skepticism for a bit and allowing the person you’re talking to a chance to explain how they feel. Empathy is hard, but virtually every relationship you have can be improved at least marginally by waiting at least an extra ten seconds before you retake the conversation.
• Take up a contrary position to your own: One of the quickest ways to solidify an opinion in your mind is to argue in favor of it. To counter this, take up a contrary position. If you think your boss is being unreasonable, try defending their actions in your head. Would you find their actions reasonable if you were in their shoes? Even asking the questions of yourself can be enough to start empathizing with another’s point of view (though, of course, getting real answers from others can always help).
• Don’t just know, try to understand: Understanding is key to having empathy. As we’ve discussed before, understanding is the difference between knowing something and truly empathizing with it. If you catch yourself saying, “I know, but,” a lot, take that as an indicator that you should pause a bit more. When someone tells you about an experience that’s not your own, take some time to mull over how your life might be different if you experienced that on a daily basis. Read about it until it clicks. It’s okay if you don’t spend all your time devoted to someone else’s life, but putting in just some time—even if it’s idle thought time while you work—can be beneficial.
  
  

By definition , empathy means getting in the emotional dirt with someone else. Allowing their experiences to resonate with your own and responding appropriately. It’s okay to offer advice or optimism, but empathy also requires that you wait for the right space to do that. If someone’s on the verge of tears, or sharing some deep pain, don’t make light of it and don’t try to minimize the hurt. Be mindful of how they must feel and allow them space to feel it.

Social Skills

Summing up all social skills in one section of an article would do about as much justice to the topic as if we snuck in a brief explainer on astrophysics. However, the tools you develop in the other four areas will help you resolve a lot of social problems that many adults still wrestle with. As Goleman explains, your social skills affect everything from your work performance to your romantic life:

Social competence takes many forms – it’s more than just being chatty. These abilities range from being able to tune into another person’s feelings and understand how they think about things, to being a great collaborator and team player, to expertise at negotiation. All these skills are learned in life. We can improve on any of them we care about, but it takes time, effort, and perseverance. It helps to have a model, someone who embodies the skill we want to improve. But we also need to practice whenever a naturally occurring opportunity arises – and it may be listening to a teenager, not just a moment at work.

You can start with the most common form of social problems: resolving a disagreement. This is where you get to put all your skills to the test in a real-world environment. We’ve gone into this subject in-depth here , but we can summarize the basic steps:

• Identify and deal with your emotions: Whenever you have an argument with someone else, things can get heated. If someone involved is emotionally worked up, deal with that problem first. Take time apart to vent, blow off steam on your own, then return to the problem. In a work environment, this may just mean complaining to a friend before you email your boss back. In a romantic relationship, remind your partner that you care about them before criticizing.
• Address legitimate problems once you’re both calm: Once you’re in your right headspace, identify what the conflict is. Before you jump to solutions, make sure you and the other person agree on what the problems really are . Propose solutions that are mutually beneficial and be sympathetic to any concessions the other person may be unwilling to make (but be sure to stand firm on your own).
• End on a cooperative note:Whether in business or pleasure, relationships work best when everyone involved knows that they’re on the same page. Even if you can’t end on a positive note, make sure that the last intention you communicate is a cooperative one. Let your boss/coworker/significant other know that you want to work towards the same goal, even if you have different views.
  
  

Not every type of interaction with another person will be a conflict, of course. Some social skills just involve meeting new people , socializing with people of different mindsets , or just playing games . However, resolving conflict can be one of the best ways to learn how to apply your emotional skills. Disputes are best resolved when you know what you want, can communicate it clearly, understand what someone else wants, and come to favorable terms for everyone. If you’ve been paying attention, you’ll notice that this involves every other area of the emotional intelligence model.

RAW CASHEW MAYO (DAIRY FREE RECIPE)

Store bought mayo is laden with additives and unnecessary ingredients, but you might not have realized just how easy it is to make yourself. Give this dairy free, raw version a try and you will never go back! 

INGREDIENTS 

• 1/2 cup of raw cashews
• 1/4 cup virgin olive oil 
• 1/4 cup lemon or lime juice (around 2 whole lemons) 
• 2 teaspoons raw honey 
• 1 teaspoon seeded mustard (optional) 
• Himalayan sea salt and pepper to taste 

METHOD 

1. Blend the raw cashews, Himalayan sea salt & pepper in a high-speed blender or food processor until super fine powder. 
2. Add equal parts freshly squeezed lemon juice and virgin olive oil. 
3. Add a little raw honey and seeded mustard. 
4. Blend until thick and smooth, should take around 20 seconds. 
5. Continue to add a few tablespoons of water at a time until desired consistency is reached. 
6. You can vary as you like and add water to thin it out as it will naturally thicken in the fridge as the cashews absorb most moisture. 
7. Store in the fridge for up to 3 days and use on salads, rice, sourdough, in pasta… the choices are endless! 

Clothing guide

WOMEN Print Leggings Pants

	S	M	L	XL	XXL	3XL
WAIST MEASUREMENT(BODY SIZE)	60～66	63～69	69～75	75～81	81～87	87～93
HIP WIDTH	78	82	88	94	100	106
THIGH	24.5	25.5	27.5	29	31	33
RISING LENGTH	19	20	21	22	23	24
BOTTOM WIDTH	11	12	13	14	15	16
INSEAM	76

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Phrases- Fun reading

Red-Letter Day

The phrase ‘Red-Letter Day’ can be used to signify a special or memorable day, a day of importance, such as a holiday, birthday, anniversary etc.

Example of use: Jacob — ”I finished my last exam yesterday. From now on you can call me a college graduate.” Josh — ”Well, yesterday was truly a red-letter day for you.” 

Interesting fact

The first recorded use of the phrase was in 'The book of Eneydos' printed in 1490: "We write in our calendars the high festies with red letters of color." However, the phrase goes back to the late 1300s when important and religious days were marked in red ink in calendars made in monasteries and convents. The red ink enabled them to notice the days, so that they could start preparing for them.

Beside Oneself

The phrase describes a distressed person in an extreme emotional state, brought by a situation that causes one to be out of his wit and senses.

Example of use: “I know Daniel saw your girlfriend at the movies last night with another man, but there’s no reason to be beside yourself, he’s probably her cousin.”

Interesting fact

The first recorded use of the term is in the Old testament (Acts 26:24): "Paul, thou art beside thyself; much learning makes thee mad." The meaning of 'Beside Oneself' in the verse is that Paul's anger has driven him to the point of madness, however nowadays it describes a situation where a person is at an extreme mode of an emotion, such as happiness, sadness, madness or any other emotion.

Doppelgänger

A doppelganger is a person that resembles, and looks like someone else, however, is not related to the first person.

Example of use: Don — ”I saw Mark at the movies last night, but he didn’t seem to notice me when I called him. Do you know if he’s angry at me, and why?” Amos —”That’s so weird, cause Mark is on a business trip in India since last Wednesday. I think you saw his doppelganger.”

Interesting fact

The term 'Doppelgänger' is derived from German, and its literal meaning is "Ghostly Double". Doppelgängers were considered to be omens of bad luck, and it was believed that when he was seen by either a person's friends or even by himself, it was an omen of illness, danger and even death. The term was first used by Jean Paul in the novel 'Siebenkäs' in 1796. However, its first appearance in English was in 1851, in 'The Denham tracts', a collection of folklore by M.A. Denham.

Photobomb

‘Photobomb’ is when an unexpected person or thing that either intentionally or by accident appears as the photograph is being taken. Photobombing usually happens as a practical joke, and without the acknowledgement of the main subjects of the photo.

Example of use: “I can’t believe that almost all of our wedding photos were photobombed by that crazy pigeon. In one of them you can even see the moment he tried to attack my husband.”

Interesting fact

Photobombing has been around since the 70's, however, it became a widespread phenomenon following the technological transition from analog film to digital in the early 2000s, coupled with the rise of photo-sharing social sites such as Facebook, Instagram and more. The first recorded use of the phrase was in the online dictionary of slang words and phrases, 'Urban Dictionary', on May 6th 2008.

Snail Mail

The phrase ‘Snail Mail’ (or ‘Smail’) refer to mail that was carried by the traditional postal delivery service.

Example of use: Daria –”I didn’t get your wedding invitation yet and the wedding is in 3 days.” Ruth –”Well, I guess that’s why it’s called Snail Mail, cause I’ve mailed the invitations 2 weeks ago and they still haven’t arrived, though we live in the same city.”

Interesting fact

The phrase refers to the long time it takes mail to reach its destination from the moment it's sent, as the slow pace of a snail. The first recorded use of the phrase was in a 1942 article posted in the Lowell Sun, however, not until it was common to use Emails to transfer messages and information in the early 1990's, the slowness of conventional mail was so blunt.

Punch Above One’s Weight

The term ‘punch above one’s weight’ means performing or achieving results better than expected and beyond one’s ability, skill, experience etc.

Example of use: “Although Brad isn’t the best track runner, I think that if he trains hard and punches above his weight, he’ll be able to qualify for the upcoming competition.”

Interesting fact

In the early 19th century, weight classes in boxing were established and boxing matches were divided into different weight categories -- flyweight, lightweight, etc. Since the regulations were established, only boxers of the same weight category could fight each other. When a boxer from a lighter weight category fought someone in a heavier category, he'd be 'punching above his weight'. Today the term is used figuratively in occasions where someone tries to compete outside their comfort zone and usual class.

Much Ado about Nothing

The phrase ‘Much Ado about Nothing’ is used when someone is overreacting and makes a big deal of fuss over something unimportant.

Example of use: “Some people make a big fuss about which seat they’ll get on the plane, but as far as I can see it’s much ado about nothing, since everyone will get to the same destination at precisely the same time.” 

Interesting fact

'Much Ado about Nothing' is the title of a well-known play by Shakespeare (1599). The phrase assimilated into the English language and to this day is still used in its original form. 

Nothing to Sneeze At

Something that is not an inconsequential matter, not a trifling thing.

Example of use: “When Daniel was chosen to be valedictorian, he was so proud, because the honor of being chosen to represent your entire class is nothing to sneeze at.”                                                                                  

Interesting fact

In the 17th century, sneezing was considered a symbol of status as people believed it cleared their head and stimulated their brain. Soon sneezing at will became a way to show one's disapproval, lack of interest and boredom. The first recorded use of the phrase in its current negative form, was in 1799, in a play by John Till Allingham: 'Fortune's Frolic': "Why, as to his consent I don't value it a button; but then £5000 is a sum not to be sneezed at."

Prima Donna

The phrase ‘Prima Donna’ is usually used to describe someone who behaves in a demanding and arrogant way, often expecting special treatment and usually unable to work well with others.

Example of use: “When I served that famous singer in my restaurant, she requested that the chef change almost all the ingredients in her pasta, changed tables 4 different times and then got upset when the main course didn’t’ arrive as soon as she’d finished her hors d’oeuvre!! She’s truly the biggest Prima Donna I have ever met.”

Interesting fact

The first use of the phrase 'Prima Donna' was in Italy in 1782, however back then it was used to refer to the principal female singer in the opera. Around the early 1800's the phrase became a mainstream term in its derogatory connotations, probably because of the stereotypical behavior of famous opera singers.

Hit the Ground Running

To immediately start an activity and work very hard and with full commitment.

Example of use: “As soon as the CEO approval of the new product came through, the entire office hit the ground running”.

Interesting fact

The usage of the phrase is associated with the invasion of Normandy (also known as 'D-Day') in World War 2. It was used to describe Nazi troops hitting the ground and running for cover after Allied ships invaded the shores. However, the first recorded use of the phrase was in the story 'King of the Liars', which was published in several newspapers in 1895: "I knew I had five more cartridges, so I hit the ground running and squatted low down..."

Backseat Driver

A Backseat Driver is someone who gives unwanted and unneeded advice. Usually interfering in affairs without having the authority and knowledge to do so.

Example of use: “Daisy is such a backseat driver, she needs to stop interfering – no one asked for her advice.” 

Interesting fact

The term originated in the United States in the early 1920s, as transportation via automobiles became more common and wealthy people started using a private chauffeur who sat in the driving seat and got the directions from the person in the back seat. The first recorded figurative use of the term was in the 1921 December edition of the Bismarck Tribune: "A backseat driver is the pest who sits on the rear cushions of a motor car and tells the driver what to do..."

In the Pink

When someone’s described as ‘In the Pink’, that means he is in peak physical condition and in the best possible health.

Example of use: “Jon recovered from his surgery in less than 10 days, and is now in the pink of condition.”

Interesting fact

The first recorded use of the phrase was in the 1597 play 'Romeo and Juliet' by Shakespeare: "I am the pinke of curtesie". However, at that time the meaning of the phrase was different, and it meant the very best example, the pinnacle, and didn't necessarily refer to health.

Going Postal

‘Going Postal’ means to become extremely angry, often to the point of rage and violence, especially when provoked in a workplace setting.

Example of use: “Did you hear that Mark went postal yesterday at the office, after his manager told him that Jane’s getting the promotion he was promised.”

 

Interesting fact

The origin of the phrase derives from a series of incidents involving U.S. Postal workers, who shot and killed fellow workers and members of the public in 1986. The first recorded use was in an article by Karl Vick's 'Violence at work tied to loss of esteem', published on December 17th 1993 in the St. Petersburg Times: "The symposium was sponsored by the U.S. Postal Service, which has been so many outbursts that in some circles excessive stress is known as 'going postal'..."

Johnny On the Spot

The phrase “Johnny On the Spot” refers to a person who is always available, ready, reliable and willing to perform a duty or a task without delay.

Example of use: “when Gabriel comes over, you need to be my Johnny on the Spot and make sure that we have whatever he needs.”

Interesting fact

The phrase 'Johnny on the Spot' was first recorded is in the 1896 April issue of the New York Sun: "JOHNNY ON THE SPOT: A New Phrase Which Has Become Popular in New York." The origin of the phrase can't be traced specifically, though it certainly originated from the expression ‘Johnny is always on the spot when wanted.’

Top Banana

The ‘Top Banana’ is the leading person, the most powerful or important person in the group or organization.

Example of use: ”Everybody agrees that Misha is the top banana in the office.” 

Interesting fact

The phrase originated in the burlesque theater, from a very popular comedy skit in which the leading comedian was given a banana after delivering the punch line. The act and joke were so widely known that the term was coined to refer to the headliner, the person in the top position.